TMJ Ankylosis

TMJ ankylosis arises from bony or fibrous adhesion within the joint. This union leads to limited mouth opening, impacting basic functions and potentially hindering mandibular growth, especially in children. Difficulty with chewing, speaking, and maintaining proper oral hygiene are common challenges. It can also affect a person’s appearance.

Types of TMJ Ankylosis

Classifying TMJ ankylosis helps in understanding the nature and severity of the condition. Several classification systems exist, based on location, the tissue involved, and the extent of the fusion. These are some common types:

• True Ankylosis: This affects the joint itself, involving the fusion of the condyle to the glenoid fossa.
• False Ankylosis: This is an extra-articular type, where the issue lies outside the joint.
• Fibrous Ankylosis: This is characterized by the growth of fibrous tissue within the joint.
• Bony Ankylosis: Bony fusion occurs between the mandible and the skull base.
• Mixed Ankylosis: This type involves both fibrous and bony elements.

Causes of TMJ Ankylosis

Several factors can contribute to the development of TMJ ankylosis. Trauma to the jaw is a frequent cause. Infections can also lead to inflammation and subsequent fusion. In some cases, systemic diseases like rheumatoid arthritis play a role. Poor oral hygiene can indirectly contribute to the risk of infections.

Recognizing the Symptoms of TMJ Ankylosis

Symptoms can vary, but often include:

• Pain and discomfort in the jaw joint
• Stiffness and limited jaw movement
• Difficulty opening or closing the mouth
• Clicking or popping sounds in the joint
• Facial swelling
• Headaches and earaches

Who Is at Risk?

While TMJ ankylosis can affect anyone, certain factors increase the likelihood of developing this condition. Individuals with a history of jaw trauma are at higher risk. Those with TMJ infections or systemic inflammatory conditions also face an elevated risk. Younger patients who experience trauma are more prone to developing severe ankylosis.

Treatment Options for Patients Suffering From TMJ Ankylosis

At The Dental Care Group, our priority is to restore your jaw function and alleviate any discomfort you may experience. We provide individualized treatment plans based on a careful evaluation of your specific condition. Our treatment approaches include:

Medication

Medications can manage pain and inflammation associated with TMJ ankylosis. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used to reduce inflammation and relieve pain. Muscle relaxants may also be prescribed to alleviate muscle spasms in the jaw. In some cases, tricyclic antidepressants are utilized for their pain-relieving properties.

Surgical Interventions

Surgery is often necessary to address the underlying cause of TMJ ankylosis and restore jaw movement. Several surgical approaches exist, and the choice depends on the severity and type of ankylosis.

• Arthroplasty: This involves reshaping the joint to improve mobility. Gap arthroplasty creates space between the fused bones. Interpositional arthroplasty involves placing a material between the bones to prevent re-fusion.
• Joint Reconstruction: In severe cases, the joint may need to be reconstructed using autogenous grafts or alloplastic prostheses. Autogenous grafts use bone from another part of your body. Alloplastic prostheses involve synthetic materials to replace the damaged joint.
• Distraction Osteogenesis: This technique gradually separates the fused bones, stimulating new bone growth to lengthen the jaw.

Physical Therapy

Physical therapy is a mandatory part of TMJ ankylosis treatment. These exercises improve range of motion, strengthen jaw muscles, and prevent re-ankylosis. Consistent adherence to a physical therapy plan is key to long-term success.

Orthodontic Treatment

Orthodontic interventions help stabilize the jaw and maintain proper alignment, especially after surgery. Invisalign, braces, or splints can be used to improve occlusion and support jaw function. Orthodontic care addresses any secondary deformities that may arise from the condition.

Is temporomandibular joint pain affecting your life? Call our dental office today! To schedule an appointment, please call our Aventura dental office at 305-935-2797, Pembroke Pines at 954-430-2300, or Fort Lauderdale at 954-963-3706.